India’s defence sector has witnessed a remarkable transformation, evolving from a predominantly import-reliant framework to a burgeoning hub of indigenous manufacturing. In the fiscal year 2023-24, the nation’s defence production soared to an unprecedented Rs 1.27 lakh crore, marking a 174% increase since 2014-15. This monumental growth underscores India’s unwavering commitment to self-reliance and its strategic vision to bolster national security through domestic capabilities.
A Leap Towards Self-Reliance
The “Make in India” initiative has been instrumental in propelling this shift, fostering an environment where advanced military platforms are conceived and constructed within the nation’s borders. The development of sophisticated systems such as the Dhanush Artillery Gun, Advanced Towed Artillery Gun System (ATAGS), and the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas exemplifies the strides made in indigenous defence technology. Notably, the recent approval for the procurement of 307 ATAGS units, developed collaboratively by DRDO, Bharat Forge, and Tata Advanced Systems, signifies a substantial enhancement of the Army’s artillery capabilities. These 155mm/52 calibre guns, with a range exceeding 40 km and equipped with advanced fire control and automated loading systems, are poised to redefine India’s artillery prowess.
Expanding the Defence Industrial Base
The burgeoning defence industrial base now encompasses 16 Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs), over 430 licensed private companies, and approximately 16,000 Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This diverse ecosystem has been pivotal in reducing import dependency from 65-70% to a more balanced ratio, with 65% of defence equipment now manufactured domestically. The private sector’s contribution, accounting for 21% of total defence production, highlights the collaborative synergy driving innovation and efficiency within the industry.
Surge in Defence Exports
India’s ascent in the global defence arena is further evidenced by its export trajectory. Defence exports have catapulted from ₹686 crore in FY 2013-14 to an astounding ₹21,083 crore in FY 2023-24, expanding 30-fold over the past decade. Indian-made defence products now reach over 100 countries, showcasing the quality and reliability of domestically produced military equipment. This export boom not only augments India’s economic stature but also fortifies international partnerships and geopolitical influence.
Innovations and Indigenisation Initiatives
Central to this progress are initiatives like Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) and SAMARTHYA, which have catalysed advancements in artificial intelligence, cyber warfare, and indigenous weapon systems. The SRIJAN portal has facilitated the indigenisation of over 14,000 items, while the Positive Indigenisation Lists have successfully localised the production of approximately 3,000 components. These efforts not only enhance self-sufficiency but also stimulate the domestic economy by creating opportunities for local enterprises.
Future Aspirations
Looking ahead, India has set ambitious targets of achieving ₹3 lakh crore in defence production and ₹50,000 crore in exports by 2029. Realising these goals will necessitate sustained policy support, continuous investment in research and development, and an unwavering commitment to fostering innovation. The trajectory thus far suggests a promising path, positioning India as a formidable force in global defence manufacturing.
India’s defence sector’s metamorphosis is a proof to strategic foresight and dedicated efforts towards self-reliance. The confluence of government initiatives, private sector participation, and technological innovation has not only fortified national security but also propelled India onto the global stage as a key player in defence production and exports.
